| ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠦ · ᠫᠤᠯᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠪᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠᠴᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠶᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ︖ | ︽ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ︾ ᠤ 8 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 10 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠤᠢᠢᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠪᠦ᠋ᠯᠧᠼᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠨᠢᠷ · ᠫᠸᠢᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠷᠠ ᠫᠷᠤᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠢᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ ︽ | ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠸᠧᠨᠢᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ | ᠵᠦᠪᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠦ · ᠫᠤᠯᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ 1271 — | 1291 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ 1᠄ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠦ · ᠫᠤᠯᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ 1274 ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠ 1281 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠫᠸᠢᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠷᠠ | ᠫᠧᠷᠦᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ᠄ ︽ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ | ᠬᠤᠳᠬᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠨ | ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠧᠩ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠹᠧᠩ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ 1281 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠪᠡ | ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬ ᠢ 7 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ | ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ︖︾᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠦ · ᠫᠤᠯᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠤᠮ | ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠦᠪᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ | ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ 2᠄ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠨᠢᠷ · ᠫᠸᠢᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠷᠠ ᠫᠷᠤᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠂ | ︽ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ᠂ ᠵᠦᠨᠡᠨ ︵chunam︶ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠨ ︵pitch︶ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ | ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ︿ᠵᠦᠨᠡᠨ﹀ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠡ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ︾᠃ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ 3᠄ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠦ · ᠫᠤᠯᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ |