| ᠳ᠋ᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᡁᠢ ︵1915.5 ︱ 1948.4︶᠂ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠷᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠩ᠂ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠮᠢᠩ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠃ | ᠳ᠋ᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᡁᠢ 1931 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 1939 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᡁᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 5 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠦ᠋ᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠽᠢ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠲᠦ︾ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ | ᠨᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠳ᠋ᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᡁᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ | ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠯᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ | ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠫᠧᠢ ᠶᠧ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠤ | ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ︽ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠮᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ | ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ | ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠢ ︽ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠰᠥᠯᠪᠡᠭᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᡁᠢ ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ | ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠧᠩ ᠹᠧᠩ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ᠋ᠢ | ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ | ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 14 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠠᠳᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 12 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 30 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ | ᠭᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠷᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠡᠢ᠃ | 1948 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᡁᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠠᠮᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ᠋ᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠣ ᠴᠢᠶᠣᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠫᠤᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᡁᠢ᠂ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠢ | ᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ︾ ︽ᠮᠠᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ | ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠰᠬᠢᠷᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ︽ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ︾ ︵ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 1999 | ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ | |